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以下内容均为自己的上课笔记，整理的，还有部分没有整理完成，内容会不断更新。好的话就支持一个，不好的话就笑一个。。
表达条件及条件关系：
从广义上讲，条件关系也是一种因果关系。在汉语中，条件关系常常不用“如果”表示，而是用“谁．．．谁．．．”、“．．．时”、“随着．．．”和“有．．．”之类来表示，或者在更多的情况下，隐藏在上下文中。中国学生受汉语思维的影响，往往用独立的单句来表达表示条件关系，不会用连接手段，希望考生特别留意，有意识地加以克服。我们需要掌握的是：
连接词：
if / the more…, the more.., / no matter / unless
介词及词组：
with / without / under [in]… conditions / under the condition of / in case of
动词及词组：
set [lay down] conditions / meet [satisfy / fulfill] a condition
名词及词组：
living [working; good; terrible; whether; cold; icy; windy; normal; difficult; financial; hygienic] conditions / physical [mental] condition （注意：表示身体条件，不用复数）
例句：
1. 在碳水化合物提供热量不足的情况下，蛋白质和脂肪将首先被消耗以提供热量。
If carbohydrate cannot provide enough calories, protein and fat will be first used to provide calories.
If carbohydrate cannot provide enough calories, protein and fat will be first consumed to supplement calories.
If the calories provided by carbohydrate is insufficient, protein and fat will be first consumed to supplement calories.
2. 只有均衡营养素，小儿才能正常发育和健康。
Only under the condition of balanced nutrition can children grow normally and healthily. （句首是only引导的状语，主句的谓语动词倒装。）
Only with balanced nutrition can children grow normally and healthily. （句首是only引导的状语，主句的谓语动词倒装。）
3. 没有大学生的正确认识和主动参与，学校的心理咨询不能充分发挥作用。
Without correct understanding and active participation of college students, the mental consultation in colleges cannot play its full role.
Unless college students understand and take part in it, the mental consultation in colleges cannot play its full role. [unless 等于if …not]
If college students do not understand or take part in it, the mental consultation in colleges cannot play its full role.
4. 忽视人的心理社会背景，怎能实现医学的最终目的？
If the mental and social factors of people are ignored [overlooked], how can the final goal of medicine be achieved [fulfilled]?
Without much attention to people’s mental and social backgrounds, how can the final goal of medicine be achieved [fulfilled]?
5. 随着社会的发展，影响人类健康的因素及医学模式也都有所改变。
With the development of society, factors that affect people’s health and modes of medicine are changing.
6. 未来，谁掌握了健康教育，谁就掌握了自己的健康和命运。
*In the future, who master health education who master their health and fate. [wrong]
In the future, if you do well in health education, you can control your health and fate.
In the future, whoever grasps [masters] health education controls his or her health and fate.
In the future, whoever masters health education will control his or her health and fate.
In the future, unless you do well in health education, you can not control your health and fate.
7. 在寒冷环境下运动，机体血管扩展，大大降低了身体对寒冷的抵抗能力。
Under cold conditions [Under the condition of cold weather], blood vessels are expanded and the cold-resistance of the body is greatly reduced.
Under cold conditions, blood vessels are expanded so that the cold-resistance of the body is greatly reduced.
If you take exercise in clod weather, the blood vessels of your body are expended so that your cold-resistance is greatly reduced.
8. 对于心、肝、肾有严重疾病的人或脑血管病、溃疡、关节炎患者，以及妇女在月经期均不宜冬泳。
If a person suffers from severe illnesses of heart, liver and kidney or other grave diseases, or if a woman is in a period, it is not good for him or her to go in for winter swimming.
In case of severe illnesses of heart, liver and kidney, or other grave diseases, or a woman’s period, it is not good for one to go in for winter swimming.
It is not good for people with many diseases and women in special period to go in for winter swimming.
9. 冬季有晨练习惯的人，遇大雾天，最好在室内进行。
If it is a heavy foggy day in winter, it is advisable to do morning exercise indoors.
In case of a heavy foggy day in winter, it is advisable to do morning exercise indoors.
10. 在天气过于寒冷时，最好不要外出锻炼。
If the weather is too cold, it is not good to do exercise outdoors [in the open air].
Under too cold conditions [Under the condition of a too cold weather], it is not advisable to do exercise outdoors [in the open air].
In case of a too cold day, you’d better not to go out to do exercise.
In case of a too cold day, you’d better not go out to do exercise. |
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发表于 2006-7-31 00:51:52